When you think of a crisp, freshly made juice, fennel is probably not the first ingredient that tops the ingredient list. Most people think of freshly squeezed orange juice or carrot, apple, beet juice. There are countless recipes, many of which are in our Smoothies and Juices recipe section, but we wanted to stray from the path well-traveled today and offer something new. This is a fantastic green juice recipe that has a mild anise flavor with the zing of fresh lemon and ginger, while the apple provides a lovely sweetness.

As a whole, this juice may help combat inflammation in the body. Fennel is naturally rich in valuable plant compounds, including quercetin, limonene, and chlorogenic acid, to name a few. Various studies indicate that that a diet rich in plant compounds such as these can help reduce the risk of chronic health conditions, including obesity, heart disease, and type 2 diabetes. Because fennel contains beta-carotene (another beneficial compound) and vitamin C, it may support collagen production and tissue repair. These two processes help maintain healthy looking skin, as well as mucus membranes that protect the respiratory tract.

While we could go on about the health benefits of fennel, it isn’t the only ingredient in this juice. You’ll thank us for that once you drink it! Green apples offer pectin, which has demonstrated an ability to lower LDL (bad) cholesterol levels. They also have a crisp flavor when compared to Red Delicious or Fuji apples. Lemon is packed with vitamin C and helps promote alkalinity within the body. Consider using a Meyer lemon for a sweetly tart flavor. Finally, ginger adds a lovely kick with numerous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds. This is a juice you’ll grow to love; we’re certain of it!

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There is no shortage of different beverages in today’s world. From sports drinks and coffee to turmeric lattes and sugary sodas, you can drink a different beverage whenever you choose. Why didn’t we mention water right then? It may come as a surprise to you, but a lot of people dislike water. Some people even say that it tastes terrible. Well, water is life, people, and it benefits the body in so many ways, but so do various teas. 

While a lot of beverages are enjoyable to drink, they do not all contribute to hydration. That is particularly true for caffeinated beverages, which people consume a lot of. Drinking tea, however, is another story. Certain teas can help quench your thirst, promote hydration, and provide surprising health benefits. 

Water Intake Guidelines

The body requires adequate fluid intake in order for it to function optimally. Fluids help everything from cells to organs, lubricating joints, protecting tissues, and enhancing digestive function. How do you know how much water to drink to ensure proper hydration? You have probably heard of the eight by eight rule, which means that you drink eight eight-ounce glasses of water per day. This is somewhat of an outdated recommendation, as weight, age, and activity level influence your hydration needs. 

Hydration is a factor of total fluid intake, not just water intake. You can get water, electrolytes, and other fluids from soups, water-rich fruits and vegetables, and certain beverages. Health experts note that adults should aim to consume 91-125 fluid ounces of water per day. That equates to 2.7 to 3.7 liters, or about 11 to 16 cups. As a general rule of thumb, we encourage people to drink half their body weight in ounces of water per day to ensure proper hydration. If you weigh 150 pounds and divide that by two to get 75, you should drink 75 ounces of water per day.

Tea Vs. Water For Hydration 

The body needs water to survive, but you don’t always have to drink plain water to take advantage of its benefits. In fact, the Mayo Clinic notes that about 20% of your daily fluid intake should come from food. The remaining 80% can come from water or hot and cold teas. Black and green teas, however, contain caffeine, which is considered a diuretic. According to preliminary research, there is little difference between the hydration status of drinking black tea and drinking water. Those results came from a small study from March 2011, so more research is necessary. 

Other research suggests that caffeine does not become a diuretic until you consume 500 milligrams (mg) daily. Black and green teas typically contain between 30-50 mg of caffeine per eight ounces. That means that you would have to drink a lot of green and black tea in order to harm your hydration efforts. Coffee, on the other hand, usually contains 80-100 mg of caffeine per eight ounces. That means you can reach that 500-mg mark a lot quicker, which could impact your hydration.

Tea Benefits

You can get a few extra perks from drinking tea instead of just water to meet your hydration goals. The consumption of black and green tea has been linked to better heart health, including lower blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Certain teas can also help improve memory, reduce inflammation, contribute to weight loss, and contribute to longevity. There are so many herbal teas, from ginger and chamomile to peppermint and hibiscus, all of which offer different health benefits. Some work to soothe an upset stomach and sore throat, while others aim to reduce nausea and enhance immune function.

Be Careful About Your Sugar Intake

Although drinking tea can help you meet your hydration goals, you have to be mindful of how you prepare tea. Drinking water by itself means that you are safe from refined sugars, fats, and calories. What you add to your tea can affect your health, your overall hydration, and the tea’s health benefits. Added sugars can contribute to heart problems, obesity, and other health issues. Try to drink your tea without sweetener for a healthy beverage option. If you want to sweeten your tea, consider using a small amount of honey instead of white sugar, or stevia or raw agave nectar.

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Every year, there is a long list of things to be grateful for, and that is especially true at Thanksgiving. Perhaps you got a new job or your sister agreed to babysit your child once a week so that you and your partner can have date night. One of the things you can be thankful for is your health. 

It’s no secret that people tend to get a little carried away, to put it gently, at the Thanksgiving spread. By staying mindful of your health and making small tweaks, however, you can create a healthier Thanksgiving feast. Not only will your dishes be incredibly tasty, but they’ll pack some more nutritional benefits than your average options. Whether you are hosting, showing up, or assisting in the kitchen, use the following tips to make your holiday weekend a little healthier. 

Eat Slowly And Savor Each Bite

It is very easy to move quickly during the holiday excitement of Thanksgiving Day. During mealtime, you may shovel food into your face in order to make room on your plate for the items you didn’t get during your first pass of the spread. While eating, health experts recommend that you slow down and enjoy the food on your plate. It’s easy to fill up too quickly if you do not allow your body the chance to process the calories that you’re consuming. It takes 20 minutes for the brain to realize that you are full. Between bites, consider speaking with a loved one and talk about how great the meal is. Additionally, drink lots of water to aid the digestive process.

Moderate Your Meal

There is so much great food to enjoy! How do you only select a couple things to eat? Well, the good news is that you do not have to miss out on your favorite dishes. Instead, dietitians encourage you to help yourself to controlled portions that will discourage overeating. If you are hungry after you finish your plate, you can have an additional serving or two later. When you build your plate, include whole grains, lean protein, fruits, and vegetables. Try to leave carb-heavy dishes alone, or grab small portions of them just to have a taste. If you want a specific dessert, avoid overeating sugary side dishes to control sugar intake. 

Enjoy A Little Exercise

Pre-meal walk, anyone? Physical activity on the big day of feasting is beneficial for your cardiovascular health, but also for digestion. Studies indicate that walking for 30 minutes after you eat can stimulate the digestive process. Between courses, try to go on a walk with your dog, do some light yoga, play catch outside, or do some squats. Walking for two to five minutes post-meal can help lower blood sugar levels. Exercise also burns calories, which you will consume in excess on Thanksgiving. 

Avoid Processed Foods

How easy and convenient is it to take shortcuts in the kitchen when cooking the Thanksgiving meal? By shortcuts, we mean purchasing store bought varieties of things that you can easily make at home. Instead of grabbing a can of cranberry sauce, make your own with real cranberries, fresh oranges, and a lot less sugar. Click here for a healthy cranberry sauce recipe. Even if you can’t make everything from scratch, do your best to avoid processed versions of things, as homemade elements are also more nutritious.

Consider How You Cook

When you prepare your turkey and sides, be mindful of the seasonings and cooking methods you use. Beware of excess amounts of sugar, salt, and oil, as they can negatively impact the food’s nutritional value. That is especially true if you struggle with high cholesterol, obesity, or diabetes. Instead of deep-frying your food, consider roasting, grilling, or boiling your food to keep the meal a little healthier. Lastly, set seasonings and sauces on the table so that people can manage their health to their desired level of comfort.

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In the United States, heart disease is the leading cause of death. People of most racial and ethnic groups in the country are more likely to die from heart disease than other health conditions. You may know these statistics, but do not have a clear direction on what you can do to improve overall heart health. If you feel like that describes you, you are not alone. The good news is that you do not need to become a triathlete or make drastic dietary changes to do so. A few simple tweaks can have long-lasting effects. 

One of the easiest things you can do for your diet is eliminate, or strictly limit, your consumption of foods that are hard on your heart. Cardiologists and nutritionists encourage you to eliminate the following foods from your diet as soon as possible if you want to experience better heart health and function.

White Bread

When nutritionists talk about white bread, they are usually referring to Wonder Bread or similar products that you find in the grocery story. White bread has a high glycemic index and lacks the nutrients and fiber that you can commonly find in whole grain breads. Consumption of white bread can lead to insulin resistance, rapid blood sugar spikes, and weight gain, all of which increase the risk of heart disease. 

Refined carbohydrates increase the amount of circulating glucose and triglyceride levels in the blood. White bread does not contain healthy fiber, so you are left with pure sugar. When buying bread, though, do not just assume that wheat or whole grain options are automatically healthier options. Make sure to look at the ingredient list and read it thoroughly! When you look at the ingredients, you only want to see a short list, and you should recognize what they are. 

Bacon

Bacon occupies a special place in the hearts of many, but experts agree that you should save bacon for special occasions (or eliminate it entirely) if you want to care for your heart. The processing of bacon can lead to adverse health effects on the heart, according to nutritionists. Bacon goes through a curing process with sodium nitrite, giving it a high sodium content that contributes to higher blood pressure. Additionally, the compounds that form when you cook bacon, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic amines (HCAs), lead to inflammation. These compounds can also damage blood vessels, which increases the risk of heart disease. 

Bacon is not the biggest offender, as many processed deli meats and red meats can also put strain on the heart. People who include a lot of red meat, especially processed meats, in their diets have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, and mortality. The ingredients used to make those foods include sodium and nitrites. Bacon is rich in salt, cholesterol, saturated fat, heme iron, and HCAs, so avoid it if you can, and that goes for turkey bacon as well.

French Fries

Who doesn’t love a crispy French fry? Well, it is difficult to just eat one, so you probably end up eating five at a time. Unfortunately, enjoying handfuls of French fries is not conducive to heart health. The nutritional content of food changes when you fry it. Food loses water and absorbs fat, especially in the case of fries. Additionally, French fries are heavily seasoned with salt, and high sodium intake can increase the risk of high blood pressure. 

Researchers note that the regular consumption of fried food has been linked to an increase in obesity and coronary heart disease. That is primarily due to the high amounts of sodium, trans fats, and saturated fats. 

What Should You Eat Instead?

Now that you know which foods to avoid, you need to know which foods help enhance heart function. Nutritionists recommend that you increase your consumption of legumes, including lentils, chickpeas, and beans. The reason for that is because legumes contain a lot of fiber and help promote feelings of fullness. You can also make them in bulk!

If you can include flax seeds, chia seeds, and almonds in your diet, you should start doing that. All of those foods contain lignans, which exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity that support heart health by reducing oxidative stress. These compounds also work with other nutrients, including vitamin E, magnesium, and alpha-linolenic acid, to help improve cholesterol levels, blood pressure, and vascular health. You can also consume quinoa because it has been known to lower LDL cholesterol levels and reduce the risk of heart disease.

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Some health experts suggest that sitting is the new smoking. If you sit for more than three to four hours per day, which is very common, your body is most likely not functioning as well as it could be. Fortunately, there are various exercises and movements that can help you whip it back into shape. No need to feel tightness in the hips, back, and neck every single day!

Believe it or not, sitting down every day can cause long-lasting damage. You sit on your way to work, you sit at work, and then you sit on your way home from work. You may even sit once you get home from work! A sedentary lifestyle can increase the risk of cancer, arthritis, obesity, heart disease, accelerate aging, and muscular tightness. 

Unfortunately, one workout session every now and again will not counteract all of that sitting. Paying a little more attention to how much you sit can help you change your lifestyle habits. Maybe you stand up at your desk a little more or go for a walk on your lunch. To get you started, engage in these daily habits and mobility movements to help correct all that sitting.

Hinge, Hold, And Stretch

This pose requires some mild body awareness, as it focuses on the concept of the hip hinge. It may take some practice to get it right, but it is highly beneficial for people with desk jobs. Stand up straight with your feet hip-distance apart. Keep a slight bend in your knees and hinge at the hips to lean forward slightly, maintaining a straight back. At a certain point, you should feel a stretch in your hamstrings, but make sure not to round your back. You can extend your arms out overhead to keep them in line with your back. Hold this pose for 10 to 30 seconds, ensuring you keep that back straight. Extend the time as you get stronger. 

Breathe

This sounds like a silly movement exercise, but dysfunctional breathing is a commonly overlooked issue. Dysfunctional breathing patterns include mouth breathing and upper chest breathing, instead of diaphragmatic (belly) breathing. Sitting down lends itself to poor breathing habits, which is why we encourage you to lie flat on your back for diaphragmatic breathing. Lie flat on your back with your knees bent, feet flat on the floor. Place one hand on your belly and one on your chest. Close your eyes and imagine that there is a balloon in your belly. As you inhale through your nose, imagine inflating the belly. As you exhale, the belly should go down. You can do this for a while, counting four to five seconds per inhale and exhale. It will take some practice, but it is greatly beneficial for the nervous system and stress response. 

Take A Walk

Walking is one of the most underrated, easily accessible exercises that anyone can do at any time. A lot of people can increase their level of physical activity if they just walk for 30 to 60 minutes per day. All it takes is making a few small tweaks to your daily routine. If you sit for the majority of your day, consider a morning walk, lunch walk, and even a small walk after dinner. Park farther away from your job and walk. Take the stairs instead of the elevator. If you enjoy sitting down to read, consider listening to audiobooks while on a walk. All of that movement will benefit you in the long run.

Deep Squat

The deep squat is a great exercise for opening the hips. It is both a mobility and stability exercise and is quite easy to do as a child, but becomes more difficult as life compromises your range of motion with age. If you are a little stiff, the body will compensate during this exercise in the form of your heels lifting off the floor. For this reason, you may want to do this exercise with support in front of you to keep from falling. Begin by standing straight with your feet shoulder-width apart. Lower down into a deep squat, maintaining a straight back. Make sure your knees don’t extend beyond your toes. You can press your elbows against the insides of your legs for support. Hold this position for a couple minutes before returning to the starting position.

Get Off The Couch

How is this a movement? Well, you do not need to adopt the same position at home that you did in the office all day. Challenge yourself to not sit on the couch for one to two weeks, or even a month, while you watch TV in your spare time. You don’t have to clean your whole house while watching TV, but perhaps you engage in some yoga, stretching, or mobility drills instead. Just try not to sit on your couch and see how your body responds.

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If you want to improve your diet, you should first take a look at the most unhealthy foods to eat. Once you identify these foods, you can learn how to replace them with healthier options. Viewing foods through a “good” or “bad” lens, though, can make decisions harder. If only it were that easy! People probably wouldn’t eat certain foods if they could just identify their level of health in an instant. 

The majority of the most addictive and unhealthy foods are tempting because they contain fat and carbs. They usually contain added sugars, salt, and other things that keep you coming back bite after bite. When it comes to the worst foods, though, it is better not to forbid things. Instead, dietitians encourage people to eat more of certain things and decrease or replace the consumption of unhealthy foods. Fruits, veggies, nuts, seeds, legumes, whole grains, and lean proteins provide you with nutrients that make you not want to eat the other unhealthy stuff. 

When you understand how different foods impact your health, you can make healthier, informed food choices. Continue reading to learn more about the worst foods to eat, along with suggestions for healthier alternatives. 

Sodas

These sparkling, sugary beverages are hard to resist, and they can be a hard habit to break. Sodas and other sugary beverages increase the risk of tooth decay, type 2 diabetes, weight gain, and obesity. Rather than encouraging the switch from regular soda to diet soda, it is best to reduce your overall intake. You can also swap soda for water, seltzer water, or tea. Ideally, increase your water intake as much as possible, but don’t use those flavor packets!

French Fries

More often than not, French fries are usually fried in unhealthy oils, especially at fast-food restaurants. They are liberally seasoned with salt and are rich in saturated fats and calories. If you regularly consume fried foods, you can increase the risk of heart disease, obesity, and other chronic health conditions. You can still enjoy potatoes or sweet potatoes in fry form, but consider baking them or cooking them in an air fryer. Use olive oil or avocado oil on the potatoes to get them crispy. 

Donuts

When someone in the office brings a box of donuts, it is very difficult to resist the temptation. Everyone loves a good donut! The problem is that donuts do not offer a lot from a health standpoint. Donuts are deep fried in refined and processed oils and usually contain high levels of sugar, bleached white flour, and trans fats. The high sugar content can lead to a blood sugar spike that ends in an even bigger crash. If you are craving baked goods, a homemade muffin or scone is a better option. By baking your own treat, you can use better ingredients, such as whole grain flour, avocado oil, and reduce the sugar content, or replace it with applesauce, maple syrup, or dates. 

Processed Meats

Bacon, hot dogs, and cold cuts like bologna, ham, and turkey are rich in sodium, calories, and other processed ingredients. Consuming a lot of these foods can increase the risk of high blood pressure and high cholesterol, two risk factors for heart disease. Research indicates that processed meat has a more significant impact on the risk of heart disease than unprocessed red meat or chicken. Processed meats also contain cancer-causing chemicals, due to levels of carcinogens. Try to opt for lean protein sources, such as grilled chicken, wild caught fish, tempeh, or tofu, instead of processed meats. Those alternatives provide better protein without the harmful additives. 

White Bread

Some people may express concern about how much bread they eat, and occasionally make attempts to cut it out of their diets. White bread is good to avoid if you can because it is usually made with refined flour, which has been stripped of its fiber and nutrients during processing. That’s why eating white bread can lead to rapid spikes in blood sugar, and it may even lead to weight gain, insulin resistance, and other metabolic issues. Whole grain and multigrain breads are good alternatives because they usually contain more fiber, vitamins, minerals, and help stabilize blood sugar. 

Fast Food Burgers

If you regularly eat hamburgers from fast food establishments, you will have a difficult time overcoming health hurdles. These burgers are rich in saturated fat, salt, and added sugars. Over time, all of those ingredients can increase the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and obesity. If you want to enjoy a burger, swap out regularly ground beef for ground turkey or use wild caught fish. Avoid fast food altogether and don’t think that vegan meats or certain veggie patties are healthier. They are also rich in processed ingredients and sodium. 

Chips

How addictive and amazing are potato chips? Well, potato chips are empty calories because they lack sufficient nutritional value. Chips are rich in fat and low in protein and fiber. Instead of snacking on potato chips, opt for snacks with higher nutritional values, such as roasted chickpeas, nuts and seeds, or seaweed crisps. There are more snack options than bags of potato chips. 

Alcohol

Alcohol is a tricky one because a lot of people can overdo it. Avoiding alcohol is also a constant struggle for people with addiction issues. Alcohol, much like potato chips, is empty calories and excessive alcohol intake can increase the risk of high blood pressure, heart disease, cognitive decline, and stroke. Mocktails, sparkling water, or freshly made juices are healthier options for your body, not just your liver and pancreas.

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It’s not uncommon to eat late at night. Perhaps you leave a concert or comedy show and have a hankering for some tacos, or you settle for whatever is open. Typically, the food you eat late at night, or even as a midnight snack, is not the healthiest. With new research stating that eating late at night may yield unwanted side effects, you may rethink your late night eating habits. 

Studying The Impact Of Late-Night Eating

Study authors stated that they looked at three key factors associated with obesity risk and weight regulation during the study. These three factors included: 

• Energy expenditure (calories burned)
• Appetite
• Molecular changes in fat tissue

In order to do this, they had 16 overweight or obese participants follow two meal schedules. The first schedule was an “early meal schedule.” The second one was the exact same schedule, only everything was four hours late. People ate at 5 p.m. for the first schedule and 9 p.m. for the second schedule. 

During both sets of meal schedules, participants noted their hunger levels, gave blood samples and had their temperature and energy expenditure measured. Study authors also collected data from some participants’ adipose tissue (body fat). They were also very careful to eliminate any compounding variables with protocol, including what the participants ate and sleep schedules. 

What Did The Research Find?

After reviewing the study findings, the study authors concluded that eating late is linked to obesity risk, especially in people who are already overweight or obese. When participants followed the later meal schedule, they woke up feeling hungrier, were less effective at burning calories, and had adipose tissue that displayed an increase in fat growth. Eating four hours later makes a big difference for hunger levels, the way a person burns calories after eating, and the way a person stores fat. 

Because the research only included overweight or obese participants, the study authors state that further research is necessary. Other studies are required to see if the results would translate to a larger population. Given that eating late at night can disrupt sleep and cause blood sugar spikes, though, it’s worth avoiding if you can help it. 

The Takeaway

If you eat late at night, or find that you frequently eat a snack before bed, you may want to ditch that habit. Ideally, you should have your largest meal during the middle of the day for lunch and eat a lighter dinner. That way, the body has more time to digest the food you eat. Nevertheless, more research is needed to determine exactly what eating late does to the body. This study simply encored the fact that you should avoid large meals and unhealthy options late at night. 

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The back-to-school season is a time for new opportunities and beginnings. For some students, especially those with compromised immune systems, the susceptibility to illness increases. Protecting your child(ren) and yourself against common colds or other infections that circulate the classroom can be a lot easier with the right steps in place. 

Developing a back-to-school routine is a challenge in and of itself. Waking up earlier, establishing a quick and efficient routine, and leaving the house on time can prove difficult, especially after summer vacation. Many health officials state that immune health is tied to diet, sleep, and exercise. Building a healthy diet and establishing movement and proper sleep hygiene can enhance immune function, which your child needs as they face the new school year. Hopefully, the following tips can help better prepare your child’s immune system for the back-to-school reality.

Get Plenty Of Sleep

The Sleep Foundation encourages school kids between the ages of six and 13 to get nine to 11 hours of sleep every night. Without sufficient sleep, the body has a more difficult time regulating biological rhythms. Not to mention, insufficient sleep makes the body more susceptible to sickness. If you or your child has trouble sleeping, there are practices that have proven to be quite effective. Click here to learn more about methods that help you fall asleep.

Drink Water

Water is essential for a healthy life because it has many roles in the body. Not only does it help with waste elimination, but it also helps the immune system function optimally. If the body is in a dehydrated state, it cannot effectively produce white blood cells, which help fight off bacteria, pathogens, and viruses. Drinking plenty of water can also help flush toxins from the body, which keeps the immune system functioning optimally. Need help getting your kiddos to drink more water? Spice it up by adding fresh fruit to the water, or consider blending some fruit with water to make a healthier rendition of a punch.

Eat The Right Foods

Dietitians agree that one of the best ways to boost the immune system is to eat the right foods. Focus on fruits and vegetables because they are rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants that boost the function of immune cells. High-fiber foods also work to maintain a healthy digestive system. What foods do you eat to encourage better immune function? Consider packing the following snacks in your child’s lunch: 

• Oranges: One orange can have up to 75% of the daily value (DV) of vitamin C. 
• Mandarins: Mandarins pack a considerable amount of vitamin C and make for the perfect lunch snack. They are easy to peel, easy to put in lunches, and their seedlessness makes them easy to enjoy!
• Sunflower seeds:  Make sure to opt for the unsalted, shell-less sunflower seeds because they are very easy to eat. Sunflower seeds are also rich in vitamin E, which exhibits antioxidant effects in the body. 
• Almonds: Similar to sunflower seeds, almonds are naturally rich in vitamin E, which helps to fight off free radicals and boost immune function. They also contain heart healthy fats, protein, and lots of fiber. 
• Broccoli: It may be very difficult to get your child to eat broccoli, but it is an excellent source of vitamin C and sulforaphane, both of which encourage immune function. Sneak broccoli into meals like broccoli tater tots or fruit smoothies!

Exercise Regularly

It’s no secret that kids like to run amok like they haven’t a care in the world. The important thing to remember is to not let your child immediately plop on the couch or bed and watch TV or play video games from the time they get home to the time they go to bed. Even if your child is active in school sports or playground activities, make sure they remain active outside of school hours. This is especially important as they progress through the year and the weather starts to cool off. 

Maintain A Healthy Weight

Childhood obesity is a serious problem in the United States, and it puts children and adolescents at risk for poor health. Between 2017-2020, 19.7% of children between the ages of two and 19 were affected by obesity. Obesity prevalence between two- and five-year-olds amounted to 20.7%, and 22.2% among six- to 11-year-olds. Data revealed that obesity prevalence was higher in Hispanic and non-Hispanic Black children than it was in non-Hispanic White children and non-Hispanic Asian children. Aside from decreased immune function, obesity increases the child’s risk of other health problems. Consult your family doctor if you notice the child’s weight is becoming a problem.

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A new report suggests that nearly 50% of dementia cases could be prevented by addressing 14 preventable risk factors. Recently, high cholesterol and vision loss have been added to the list of modifiable risk factors for dementia. Taking care of your physical health and engaging in mentally stimulating activities during midlife can reduce your risk of dementia. Continue reading to learn more about the new report. 

This new report, which was written by 27 of the world’s leading dementia specialists, urges health officials to take action to reduce preventable risks of dementia. Some people will undoubtedly develop dementia, but addressing risk factors earlier in life may help them live a longer, healthier life. It may even help them delay development of the cognitive illness. It is never too early to take action, especially when these opportunities can make a big impact on your life. 

Preventing Physical Threats To Mental Acuity

According to the new report, there are 14 modifiable risk factors for dementia, which are:

• Obesity
• Smoking
• High blood pressure
• Exposure to air pollution
• Vision loss
• Depression
• Diabetes
• High LDL cholesterol levels
• Social isolation
• Physical inactivity
• Traumatic brain injury
• Lower education
• Drinking too much alcohol
• Hearing loss

Physical risk factors like obesity, high blood pressure, physical inactivity, and diabetes may increase the risk of narrowed or blocked arteries. By decreasing blood flow to the brain and brain cells, you increase the risk of cognitive decline. The brain and its cells require a sufficient supply of blood and oxygen to function optimally. Drinking an excessive amount of alcohol and smoking can also increase the risk of heart disease and cause brain cells to die because of the toxins. And finally, a traumatic brain injury can disrupt mental capabilities and how the brain functions. 

High Cholesterol And Vision Loss Contribute To Dementia Risk

The new guidelines added high cholesterol and vision loss in midlife (about age 40) to the list of preventable risk factors. According to researchers, 7% of dementia cases stem from high levels of LDL, or bad, cholesterol. That is because LDL cholesterol buildup can narrow the arteries and reduce blood supply to the brain. 

2020 was the last time this list was updated and available evidence indicated LDL cholesterol as a possible risk factor. At that point, evidence about it being a risk factor for dementia was inconclusive. Since then, however, compelling evidence indicates that LDL cholesterol increases the risk of developing cognitive decline. Additionally, vision loss was also a recent update. Hearing loss was already on the list, and it seems consistent that a decline in sensory functions can lead to confusion and problems processing information. In fact 2% of dementia cases were attributed to untreated vision loss later in life. 

How to Reduce Dementia Risks

People can take preventative steps to delay mental decline at any age. The longer you expose yourself to risk factors, the more harmful they are to overall cognition. Developing healthier habits during early life and midlife can form a strong base for behaviors later in life. Getting regular exercise and following a healthy diet can decrease your risk for some of the risk factors of dementia. Health experts have several suggestions that can help people keep the dangers of cognitive decline at bay, and they include:

• Making screenings and treatments for vision impairment accessible for all
• Treating depression effectively
• Providing all children with quality education and ensuring that they are cognitively active in midlife
• Prioritizing supportive community environments and housing to increase social contact
• Reducing the sugar and salt content in food sold in stores and restaurants
• Wearing helmets and head protection in contact sports and while riding bikes or skateboards
• Expanding measures to reduce smoking and increasing the minimum age of purchase
• Detecting and treating high LDL cholesterol in midlife
• Making hearing aids available for those with hearing loss
• Reducing exposure to air pollution via stricter clean air policies

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Known as the “silent killer,” high blood pressure affects about 45% of American adults. Data from 2017 to 2018 revealed that it was higher among men than women. About 70% of Americans will have high blood pressure at some point in their lifetimes. Only one in four patients with elevated blood pressure levels will have blood pressure under control. 

Medical experts call it “the silent killer” because it usually doesn’t exhibit symptoms. It does, however, increase the risk of life-threatening cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and peripheral artery disease. It’s well-established that high blood pressure affects the heart, but new research indicates that it also affects brain health. Continue reading to learn what the latest research says about the relationship between high blood pressure and cognitive decline, and how you may be able to manage heart and brain health simultaneously. 

The Link Between High Blood Pressure And Cognitive Changes

Several studies indicate associations between high blood pressure and cognitive decline, dementia, and possibly Alzheimer’s disease. Researchers note that the evidence is strongest between high blood pressure and cognitive outcomes during middle age. The links are less clear in older age, according to doctors. High blood pressure also increases the risk of stroke and not-so-silent stroke-like changes that can be seen on brain scans. All of those changes have been associated with cognitive alterations, such as dementia. 

Why Is High Blood Pressure In Middle Age Risky For Brain Health?

Health experts have a few theories as to why high blood pressure in midlife is integral for brain health. One theory is that it represents a time of vulnerability, while another is that people with high blood pressure in midlife likely have it for a longer period of time. Some people have factors that contribute to high blood pressure for years before ever being diagnosed. 

When a doctor diagnoses high blood pressure, a person has reached a tipping point. They have had relatively normal blood pressure (even if slightly elevated) and the body has adjusted to maintain normal changes under pressure. All of a sudden, though, the body can no longer adapt and some sort of intervention is necessary. Diet and exercise can help manage blood pressure, but some people require medication if they cannot keep levels in check with natural remedies. 

By examining data, researchers found that the trajectory for developing high blood pressure was similar. People generally have stable blood pressure until the systolic pressure (top number) approaches a range of 120 to 125 millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Once a person passes that threshold, blow pressure increases at a relatively rapid rate until hypertension is diagnosed. Other factors that increase hypertension include chronic stress, smoking, lack of sleep, poor diet, and obesity. 

What Happens To The Brain In A Person With High Blood Pressure?

Hypertension can negatively impact the brain in several ways. Long-term hypertension impacts arteriolar and arterial health over time, which increases the risk of stroke or stroke-like changes that can impact overall cognition. Years of elevated blood pressure levels may cause small clots that make their way to the brain. The accumulation of plaque in the arteries also reduces blood flow. 

Researchers note that brain matter tries to adapt to the lack of oxygen that stems from partially blocked arteries. The brain grows support tissue around itself, but it isn’t neurological tissue. It is more akin to scar tissue that develops due to a lack of oxygen. Unfortunately, it doesn’t have the capacity or function that brain cells or neurons have. Although this is an adaptive response, the adaptation can cause its own harm because it is trying to defend itself in a state of low oxygen.

That gradual loss of cognitive function over time can lead to the loss of overall brain matter mass, and occasionally, dementia. Health experts believe that high blood pressure can change the efficacy of blood-brain barrier function. It may even impact how the glymphatic system functions. The glymphatic system, not the lymphatic system, is a pathway in the brain that seemingly removes waste from the central nervous system. It is a newer concept that is being discussed in the medical field. By removing toxins from the brain, you may reduce the risk of Alzheimer’s disease. 

The Takeaway

As of right now, most of the evidence from observational trials shows that there is a cognitive benefit from managing blood pressure. Physical activity and dietary changes are promising for both cardiovascular and cognitive outcomes. A meta-analysis from 2022 found that higher rates of physical activity were associated with decreased risk of all-cause dementia. It also improved vascular function and decreased risk factors for hypertension. 

High blood pressure is but one of the risk factors for cognitive decline that you can control. You can reduce blood pressure via a combination of healthy lifestyle habits, and medication when necessary. It is never too early to talk to your doctor about your blood pressure. Do what you can to keep it in a healthy range, and your heart and brain will thank you.

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