Believe it or not, artichokes are one of the top vegetables in terms of antioxidant content. While you may not reap the benefits of artichokes by diving face first into a bowl of spinach artichoke dip, eating artichokes provides you with a lot of vitamin C, A, K, and more. Some artichoke extract supplements, which provide concentration of the vegetable’s protective compounds, include cynarin, chlorogenic acid, cymaroside, and luteolin. 

Due to the high fiber content and rich phytonutrient profile, artichokes are great for overall health. Some research shows that the compounds may help prevent serious conditions such as cancer and heart disease. They have also proven to positively impact digestive function. On top of all that, artichokes taste great, they are low in carbs, and are quite versatile. 

Because some compounds in artichokes have heart-promoting benefits, artichoke extract supplements have risen in popularity in recent years. These supplements are largely derived from the antioxidants and phytonutrients found in the leaves. Leaf extracts of the artichoke plant have liver-protectant properties, in addition to anti-carcinogenic, antioxidant, anti-viral, and antibacterial activity. 

Artichoke Nutrition

Available nutritional data indicates that a one-cup serving of cooked artichoke contains approximately:

• Calories: 90
• Fiber: 9.7 grams (g)
• Total carbohydrates: 20.2 g
• Total fat: 0.6 g
• Sugar: 1.7 g
• Protein: 4.9 g
• Sodium: 299 milligrams (mg)
• Riboflavin: 0.2 mg
• Folate: 151 micrograms (mcg)
• Magnesium: 71.4 mg
• Vitamin K: 25.2 mcg
• Potassium: 124 mg
• Zinc: 0.7 mg
• Calcium: 37.7 mg
• Niacin: 1.9 mg

Artichokes also contain some choline, vitamin A, selenium, beta-carotene, lutein, vitamin E, and zeaxanthin. Although artichokes provide many essential nutrients, they are particularly high in folate and vitamin K. Continue reading to learn more about their health benefits. 

They Protect Heart Health

Research shows that consuming artichokes and artichoke extract may help reduce unhealthy cholesterol levels and high blood pressure. People with high cholesterol have a higher risk of developing heart disease and experiencing stroke. Artichokes contain cynarin, a powerful substance that may help naturally bring cholesterol into a healthy range. Research indicates that the lipidic- and glycemic-reducing action of artichokes also helps protect against coronary heart disease. In a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, researchers observed participants who supplemented with artichoke leaf extract. At the end of the study, participants experienced reductions in total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. 

They Are Rich In Fiber

Fiber is necessary for optimal digestive and heart function. Fiber can help relieve conditions like constipation and diarrhea, and it helps the body detox itself of extra  cholesterol, sugar, and toxins. A high-fiber diet has been associated with maintaining a healthy weight, in addition to reducing the risk of conditions like colon cancer and heart disease, among others. Fiber is the substance that pulls food through the intestines. Without fiber, you can suffer from digestive issues like constipation, energy spikes and dips, weight gain, bloating, mood swings, and feeling overly hungry.

They Provide Iron And May Help Prevent Anemia

The general consensus is that you can only obtain iron from animal foods, such as beef, eggs, and poultry. There are many plant-based foods, such as artichokes, that provide a good amount of iron. Iron deficiency is more common in women, especially premenopausal women, and children. Low levels of iron can cause fatigue, poor concentration, weak immune function, and digestive disorders. Ongoing low iron levels can lead to anemia, which occurs when the body cannot produce enough hemoglobin. As a result, red blood cells are not able to properly distribute oxygen throughout the body. That’s why eating iron-rich foods can help prevent anemia and other symptoms associated with iron deficiency. 

They May Improve Skin Health

If you do not consume enough vitamins C and E, the body cannot produce enough collagen. That may put you at risk for premature aging and other skin-related conditions. Artichokes supply these nutrients, in addition to other skin-nourishing antioxidants, that help fight free radicals that compromise skin health. The positive effects that artichokes have on the digestive tract also mean that they positively influence the immune system, which inadvertently helps the overall health of the skin. 

They May Help With Diabetes

Due to the high fiber levels, artichokes may help regulate blood sugar, which can help you avoid spikes and dips in insulin, which can be problematic for diabetics. The fiber in artichokes helps the body absorb glucose more slowly. Because the body does not digest fiber, it does not require insulin, so your fiber intake doesn’t count toward your total carb or glucose intake for the day. One randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated artichoke leaf extract in 80 patients with metabolic syndrome. After 12 weeks of supplementation, participants experienced significant reductions in fasting insulin levels, in addition to improved insulin resistance.

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Are you in need of a quick breakfast, post-workout recovery drink, or satisfying snack? A smoothie is an easy, versatile way to fuel your body with an array of nutrients. Knowing how to make a smoothie the right way can take your average blend to exceptional new heights. In this article, we’ll walk you through the steps to create the perfect smoothie. We want your smoothie to be smooth, nutritious, and brimming with addictive flavors that keep you coming back for more. 

How Do You Make A Smoothie?

The answer is quite simple: you add ingredients to a blender and blend until smooth. Anyone can do it, but the contents of the smoothie are what make it taste terrible or delicious, and unhealthy or nutritious. A perfectly balanced smoothie should contain a blend of fruit, vegetables, healthy fats, and liquid. You can make a smoothie by following these steps:

• Add 1 cup of liquid to a blender.
• Add 1/2 to 1 cup of vegetables.
• Add 1 to 1.5 cups of fruit (fresh or frozen).
• Add a little protein (nut butter, yogurt, or protein powder).
• Add healthy fats (seeds, nut butter, or avocado).
• Blend until smooth (about 30 to 60 seconds).
• Adjust thickness with more liquid or ice. 

How To Make A Smoothie With Perfect Texture

If you want a perfectly silky, creamy smoothie that is not runny or thick, you can follow this basic formula, adjusting measurements slightly based on your preferences and taste:

• Base (1 cup): choose a liquid such as water, almond milk, coconut water, or homemade juice.
• Fruit (1-1.5 cups): use fresh or frozen fruit for natural sweetness, creaminess, and fiber.
• Vegetables (1/2-1 cup): use leafy greens (spinach or kale) or mild vegetables such as cauliflower.
• Protein (1 scoop): use one scoop of protein powder, or add a couple tablespoons of nut butter or yogurt for satiety and muscle support.
• Healthy fat (1-2 tablespoons): add seeds, nut butters, or avocado for sustained energy and added creaminess.
• Extras (optional): you can choose to add adaptogens, superfoods, spices, supplements, or ice. 

Before we give you the recipes, it can be beneficial to blend your leafy greens with liquid first to yield a smoother consistency. Once you do that, add the remaining ingredients and blend until smooth. 

Blueberry Banana Green Smoothie

This blueberry banana green smoothie is bursting with fiber, protein, antioxidants, and so much more. It’s the perfect go-to breakfast

Click here to make the smoothie. 

Sneaky Healthy Green Smoothie

Why is it a sneaky healthy green smoothie? It looks like a health bar concoction, but it is a light, sweet, and tropical beverage.

Click here to make the smoothie. 

Cucumber Pineapple Smoothie

Bright, hydrating, sweet, and incredibly refreshing, this cucumber pineapple smoothie is exactly what you need first thing in the morning.

Click here to make the smoothie. 

Beet Carrot Strawberry Smoothie

Loaded with beneficial nutrients from the beets, strawberries, and carrots, this smoothie is exactly what your healthy lifestyle craves.

Click here to make the smoothie.

Chocolate Raspberry Avocado Smoothie

This is a rich and creamy chocolate raspberry smoothie made with bananas, avocados, and a handful of spinach to boost your nutrient intake.

Click here to make the recipe.

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You’ve likely seen an array of mushroom-infused products lately, from mushroom coffee and chocolates to adaptogenic powders and skin care serums. Earthy, rich, and powerful mushrooms have entered the health world in a big way, but they are far from new. For centuries, people have used functional mushrooms in various health and wellness rituals. 

Functional mushrooms are not just some passing health trend; rather, they are being celebrated for their unique, bioactive compounds. Modern science is now confirming what ancient traditions understood: mushrooms have health properties that support immune function, maintain skin health, and support energy levels. 

Why Choose Functional Mushrooms?

Chaga, reishi, turkey tail, lion’s mane, cordyceps, and other mushrooms are considered to be functional mushrooms. Unlike your standard white button mushroom, functional mushroom varieties contain unique compounds like triterpenes, antioxidants, and polysaccharides. Many of these compounds, especially beta-glucans, have been studied for their effects on stress response, physical performance, skin health, and immune function. 

Traditionally, people consumed these functional mushrooms in the form of teas, powders, or tinctures. Nowadays, you can obtain these mushrooms in more easily accessible formats, such as gummies, supplements, and coffee powders. Just make sure that you do your research before you purchase products, because you want to avoid added sugars and unnecessary preservatives, fillers, or binders. 

3 Functional Mushrooms To Try

You can easily incorporate many mushrooms into your daily diet, but it can be difficult to know where to start. Not all functional mushrooms are created equal, nor do they offer universal benefits. Consider your goals before you just start taking mushrooms at random. Make sure the ones you choose fit your health and wellness needs. Below, you will find three, well-researched mushrooms that support common wellness needs. Incorporate them into your routine to help improve skin texture, beat fatigue, and support overall resilience. 

Tremella For Healthy Aging And Skin Hydration

This edible, gelatinous fungus has been used for centuries in Chinese herbal medicine and cuisine. Due to the high levels of polysaccharides that function similarly to hyaluronic acid, tremella mushrooms have a unique ability to retain moisture. For this reason, you can commonly find tremella mushrooms in anti-aging and moisturizing products. A small study from 2021 found that a hand sanitizer gel with tremella mushroom extract was more effective than a placebo in moisturizing the skin. Other research indicates that the polysaccharides may decrease skin damage caused by UV rays. 

Cordyceps For Energy And Endurance

Traditional Chinese Medicine has used cordyceps, a genus of fungus, to help treat kidney diseases, renal dysfunction, fatigue, and cardiac dysfunction. More recently, researchers have focused on the benefits of cordyceps for athletic performance and energy. In fact, some studies show that cordyceps help increase oxygen utilization and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. That is essential for optimal muscular function during exercise, making cordyceps beneficial for overall vitality and physical performance. A small study from 2024 monitored young adults who were either given a placebo or one gram of cordyceps prior to high intensity interval training. Researchers noted after taking cordyceps, people experienced less muscle damage and after cell repair. Not all research is consistent with these findings, though, so more studies are necessary.

Chaga Mushrooms For Immune Support

Some people refer to chaga as the “king of mushrooms” because it is rich in antioxidants and beta-glucans, to which researchers attribute the immune-modulating effects. Research indicates that chaga mushroom acts as a potent immune modulator, encouraging stronger immune function by increasing white blood cell production. Additionally, researchers note that chaga aids the formation of beneficial cytokines, while reducing inflammation in the process. Beneficial cytokines are specialized proteins that regulate the immune system. That could help the body fight infections, from minor colds to more serious illnesses.

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Most people think of inflammation as a temporary thing. It is the immune system’s natural response to a foreign threat to the body. You get sick or your gut flares up, you adjust some habits, and things eventually settle down. That isn’t exactly how biology works, though. Past inflammation may not come and go as you suspect. It’s possible that past inflammation can leave an imprint that can shape your health, specifically gut health, in years to come. 

Recently, this idea has been gaining traction because colorectal cancer rates continue to climb, especially among younger adults who are not normally “high-risk.” Emerging data now reveals a surprising culprit, and that is the “memory” that your cells carry after inflammation seems to have healed. 

How Did Researchers Discover “Memory” In Gut Cells?

A recent study aimed to help scientists understand why inflammation is linked to cancer, especially in the gut. Scientists used an animal model to trigger inflammation in the colon, which is similar to what happens in conditions like chronic colitis. They then allowed the tissue to heal, at least on the surface. Instead of stopping the study there, scientists observed individual cells. They used advanced tools to track active genes and how accessible different parts of the genome were. Additionally, they looked at how cells passed those changes down as they divided.

This level of detail is of particular interest because the body is not solely driven by DNA. The body is influenced by the epigenome, which is a layer of regulation that determines which genes are active and which are quiet. Scientists found that, even after the inflammation resolved and tissue appeared healthy again, some cells carried lasting changes in this epigenetic layer. That suggests that although the gut healed, certain cells “remembered” the inflammation. 

Why Does Past Inflammation Raise Cancer Risk?

Later in the study, researchers introduced a cancer-related mutation. The cells that carried the epigenetic memory behaved differently. In fact, they activated tumor-promoting genes more quickly and developed bigger tumors that grew faster compared to cells without history. That revealed that there is a two-step process taking place. First off, inflammation leaves behind some sort of molecular imprint. Then, if a second trigger shows up later, the primed cells are more ready to respond in a way that encourages tumor growth.

That helps explain why not everyone with cancer has a clear genetic cause. Additionally, not everyone with inflammation develops cancer. The combination of past exposures and later triggers may tip the scales. Scientists note that this reinforces the idea that your past environment, including stress, diet, infections, and gut health, can shape your future risk in ways that are not yet visible. 

How Can You Support Gut Health Right Now?

There is no reason to panic every time you experience inflammation, especially a mild bout. The body is designed to recover from stress, but you should know that chronic inflammation is something to take seriously, even if symptoms are not always present. Your goal should be to reduce unnecessary stress on the gut. Begin by:

• Limiting your intake of ultra-processed foods can help reduce unnecessary inflammatory responses. Pay attention to how your body reacts to certain foods!
• Engaging in regular physical activity, as research shows that it supports gut diversity and reduces systemic inflammation.
• Eating a diverse, fiber-rich diet with a lot of plant-based foods. Fiber encourages the growth of beneficial gut bacteria and helps regulate inflammation over time. 
• Considering a probiotic supplement, which may help support a healthier balance of gut bacteria, especially during periods of stress or illness. 

One bad meal or stressful few days will not be the end of you. This is more about patterns because the body keeps track of what it goes through. Over time, those patterns can either work for you or against you. Keep that in mind as you move forward in life.

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Eating seasonally is not a new concept, but it is a concept that more people should embrace. Many restaurants have seasonal menus, prioritizing the produce they can get during the given season. Most people have access to all sorts of produce items all year long because of importing. The reality is that different foods grow better at different times of the year, which affects its peak harvest season.

Have you ever noticed that strawberries and melons just taste better in the summer? Sweet potatoes and parsnips thrive in the fall and things like asparagus, spinach, turnips, carrots, kiwi, plantains, and more thrive in spring. We believe that you should get your hands on as many seasonal produce items as you can before the season ends. Plus, eating seasonally means that the fruits and vegetables you eat have a higher nutrient content. That is because produce items are richer in nutrients during peak ripeness. 

Eating seasonally is also a more sustainable way to live. It is a small effort you can make to lower the environmental toll associated with food transportation. You can easily purchase seasonal produce locally, either from farmers’ markets or local grocery stores. Lastly, eating seasonally can benefit your wallet, as in-season produce items tend to cost less than when those items are out of season and have to be imported from far away places that can grow them year round. 

Spring Cleansing Green Smoothie

Enhance your spring cleansing efforts by blending up this green smoothie, which contains enzymes that help to enhance digestion.

Click here to make the recipe. 

Seasonal Spring Fruit Salad

Craving a light, sweet fruit salad that’s versatile enough to go with any meal? This combination of seasonal fruit is exactly what you want!

Click here to make the recipe.

Green Goddess Spring Salad

It’s officially spring, which means that it’s time to enjoy as much fresh produce as possible! Indulge in this herbaceous green goddess salad.

Click here to make the recipe. 

Raw Collard Spring Rolls

Fill up on these vibrant, raw vegan collard spring rolls with a deliciously addictive almond butter dipping sauce.

Click here to make the recipe. 

Spring Salad With An Avocado Dressing

Spring into flavor with this crunchy salad that’s tossed in a smooth and deeply rich, vibrant avocado pesto dressing.

Click here to make the recipe.

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If you run to the fridge or pantry when you are upset or feel down, you are not alone. It is very common for people to turn to food for comfort as a way of coping with personal struggles or big, difficult things. When you eat in response to the emotions you experience, that is emotional eating. Almost every person does it at some point. The body needs food to survive, so it makes sense that eating ignites the brain’s reward system and makes you feel better. 

When emotional eating becomes habitual and you have no other ways to cope with feelings, it can become a problem. Eating does not address the core issue, no matter how it makes you feel in certain moments. If you feel stressed, bored, lonely, sad, tired, or anxious, food will not fix those feelings. The unfortunate reality is that the cycle of turning to food to cope can trigger feelings of shame and guilt, which are more difficult feelings to deal with. 

It is hard to get away from food, as it is the center of so many things that you do. Food is celebratory, but you can also make food for someone going through a rough time to show you care. It is only natural to have an emotional relationship or connection with food. But you want to be able to make conscious decisions about when, what, and how you eat.

What Causes Emotional Eating? 

There are numerous reasons that trigger the urge to eat. The most common external reasons for emotional eating can be: 

• Health issues
• Work stress
• Relationship issues
• Financial worry

It is more common for people who follow restrictive diets, or have a history of restrictive eating, to eat emotionally. Other potential causes can include:

• Emotion dysregulation (the inability to manage emotional responses)
• Lack of introspective awareness (realizing how you feel)
• Reversed hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) stress axis (under-active cortisol response to stress)
• Alexithymia (lacking ability to understand, process, or describe emotions)

Is Emotional Eating An Eating Disorder?

On its own, emotional eating is not an eating disorder. That said, it can be an indication of one and potentially lead to the development of an eating disorder. Disordered eating can look like:

• Labeling foods as “bad” or “good”
• Frequent dieting or restrictive eating patterns
• Irregular meal timing
• Being rigid with food choices
• Feelings of guilt or shame after eating foods you view as “unhealthy”
• Eating in response to emotions as opposed to hunger cues
• Obsessive thoughts about food that interfere with your daily life

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics states that eating disorders are diagnosed when a person’s eating behaviors meet certain criteria. A lot of people have irregular eating behaviors, but they don’t meet the criteria for eating disorders. It should be noted that you do not have to develop an eating disorder to seek help. Everyone deserves to have a good relationship with food. If you think that you may have disordered eating behaviors, speak with a mental health expert or dietitian to help your situation. 

Emotional Eating vs. Physical Hunger

You need food to live, so it is very natural to need food and desire certain textures or tastes. How do you tell the difference between emotional and physical hunger cues? It can be tricky because you can occasionally experience a combination of both. Here are some clues to help you tell the difference: 

• Emotional hunger comes on suddenly.
• You may not notice fullness when you eat emotionally. It does not prevent you from wanting to eat more.
• Emotional eating is triggered by the need to comfort yourself. 
• Physical hunger develops slowly over time.
• You feel the sensation of fullness and take that as a cue to stop eating when you are not eating emotionally. 
• Physical hunger is tied to the last time you ate, not how you feel. 

Are You An Emotional Eater?

People who experience emotional eating may feel:

• An urge to eat even when they are not physically hungry
• Out of control around certain foods, especially snacks
• Food is calming or rewarding
• An urge to eat when they experience powerful emotions

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What is a proteolytic enzyme and why do you need to know about it? Before we unpack all of that information, allow us to first explain that proteolytic enzymes are compounds that break down proteins into amino acids. These enzymes are essential for digestion and many metabolic functions in the body. Common types of proteolytic enzymes include bromelain (from pineapple, trypsin, and papain (from papaya).

What Is Papain?

This natural enzyme is found in papaya, which actually contains several other proteolytic enzymes, including chymopapain A, chymopapain B, and papaya peptidase A. Papain is the standout compound that exists in the immature fruit of the female papaya plant. It also exists in the leaves, roots, and latex sap of the papaya plant. Like other proteolytic enzymes, papain breaks down long-chain molecules of proteins into shorter fragments, or peptides. It proceeds to break them down into amino acids, and this papain enzyme may do a lot more than that. 

Helps Regulate Inflammation

Researchers note that papain has been helpful in reducing inflammation in patients with asthma, arthritis, and other inflammatory conditions. Papain and trypsin work to break down pathogenic immune complexes and may even prevent their formation. That ultimately means that proteolytic enzymes may be able to prevent inflammation from occurring in the first place. That enhances lymphatic drainage and has regulatory effects on the immune system. A prospective study on an oral enzyme combination containing papain helped reduce postoperative swelling and pain in patients after lower third molar surgery. 

May Exhibit Anti-Tumor Effects

In a human-based clinical review, researchers evaluated proteolytic enzyme therapy, including papain. They reported that these enzymes may exhibit anti-tumor activity by enhancing immune response. Additionally, proteolytic enzyme therapy may enhance outcomes of cancer treatment and help reduce tumor-related inflammation, or the side effects from treatment. Researchers behind this review explained that proteolytic enzymes, like papain, can help modulate immune function and break down protein structures associated with tumor protection. That may expose cancer cells to immune attack and improve response in patients. 

Aids Digestion

Papain supplements may help improve gastrointestinal health by combatting common digestive issues, such as bloating and constipation. Studies confirm that papain helps the body break down protein foods, like animal meat, but it doesn’t require the presence of acid to do its job. What does that mean? Well, even people with low stomach acid who would normally struggle to break down and digest certain types of meat, may benefit from papain supplements. According to research, papain actively breaks down proteins into smaller fragments. It facilitates digestion at a biochemical level and even aids nutrient absorption in the digestive tract. 

Fights Infections

In the past, papain was used in non-traditional wound care due to its anti-viral and anti-fungal properties. Researchers note that it appears to fight infections by destroying the layer of protein that protects fungi and viruses against attacks. In doing so, papain reduces their ability to reproduce, spread, and cause more infections. One study observed papain’s ability to fight infection. After applying a papain-based gel to infected dentin in extracted human teeth, it was able to significantly reduce counts of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus casei. Both of those bacteria are involved in many dental infections. Researchers concluded that papain’s antimicrobial effects were strong enough to break down infected tissue and disrupt bacterial presence. 

Supports Wound Healing

There are many topical papaya enzyme products, which are often used for their wound-healing properties. That said, the USDA has warned consumers about possible allergic reactions when applying the enzyme topically. Some preliminary studies support the evidence that papain has wound healing abilities. A randomized clinical trial in patients with chronic venous ulcers found that 2% papain gel produced greater reduction in the ulcer area than 2% carboxymethylcellulose over a 12-week period. Researchers noticed an increase in epithelial tissue in the wound bed and two ulcers in the healing in the papain group. That supports the fact that papain may help clear devitalized tissue and improve the wound bed so healing can take place.

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There is no shortage of stressors in today’s day and age. That includes everything from political news segments and social media clips to environmental pollutants and foods and drinks. As a result, the body’s primary stress hormone, cortisol, has become a hot topic of discussion in the health world. 

Cortisol plays a vital role in helping the body respond to stress, but chronic levels increase the risk of weight gain, high blood pressure, and insulin resistance. You can bring cortisol levels down through stress management techniques, such as deep breathing, meditation, and gentle exercise, but eating the wrong foods can cause cortisol levels to rise. Stay away from the following foods and drinks because they may trigger cortisol release. 

Refined Grains

Refined grains, just like other carbs, can spike blood sugar, which can potentially raise cortisol levels. These grains have been processed to remove fiber, which the body uses to lower cortisol levels, in addition to improving digestion and heart health. Some examples of refined grains include white rice, cereals, white bread, pasta, and pastries. Control the cortisol response with those foods by switching to their whole grain counterparts, which contain fiber.

High-Calorie Meals

Nutritional guidelines are based on a 2,000-calorie per day diet, but people can easily exceed that many calories in a day, especially if they eat out. A small 2023 study found that participants who consumed a 2,000-calorie meal  within 15 minutes showed significant increases in cortisol. Researchers attributed that response to the strain of processing such a large amount of calories in a short period of time. Most people typically do not mimic that scenario, but it does caution people to be more mindful about portion sizes and how quickly they eat. 

Fatty Foods

These foods are popular in the Standard American Diet. We are talking about red meat, fried foods, and full-fat dairy, all of which have been linked to increased cortisol levels. Eating large amounts of these foods may also increase inflammation in the body. Over time, chronic inflammation can interfere with the body’s stress response, leading to cortisol spikes and unnecessary stress. 

Caffeine

This is the most common drug that people are addicted to, and they drink it at all hours of the day. Be it a double shot of espresso in the morning or an energy drink after lunch, caffeine provides you with both a jolt of energy and a cortisol surge. Caffeine blocks receptors for adenosine, the “fatigue molecule in the brain, making you feel more alert. It also triggers the release of excitatory hormones, such as cortisol and adrenaline. A 2025 study on the cortisol response from beverages containing caffeine found that coffee had the most significant impact. It actually increased cortisol by up to 50% above baseline levels. Energy drinks and soda followed with a 30% increase, while tea had the lowest impact of a 20% increase. 

Juice

Natural sugars are not nearly as bad as added sugars, but research suggests that there is a sugar-cortisol response in concentrated amounts of natural sugar. A small study from 2020 found significant cortisol responses to people who drank 200 milliliters (6.8 fluid ounces) of grape juice. A quick note about grape juice: it typically contains a higher percentage of natural sugars compared to other juices. 

Ultra Processed Foods

Chips, deli meat, soda, packaged sweets, and soda fall into the category of ultra-processed foods. These foods tend to contain high levels of added sugar, sodium, additives, and preservatives, which may elevate cortisol levels. Ultra-processed foods can also increase inflammation and spike blood sugar, both of which put stress on the body. Some research indicates that people who eat more ultra-processed foods tend to have higher stress levels. 

Alcohol

Wine, beer, and hard liquor are famous for triggering cortisol production. In fact, studies show that having a single drink per day is enough to increase cortisol levels. That effect is even more pronounced in binge drinking, which is defined by having five drinks for men or four for women within two hours. That is because the liver has to work overtime to break down alcohol, putting stress on the body and triggering the release of cortisol.

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Longevity is a term that can refer to lifespan, or lifespan and health-span. The internet has no shortage of articles supplying you with tips and tricks that tell you how to increase your longevity. Truly, why not? Most people want to live longer, especially if there is a possibility to harness the vitality of younger years at an older age. Longevity also comes with a happiness bonus, as feeling and looking younger tends to make people a lot happier. 

A 2025 McKinsey report found that up to 60% of people regard healthy aging as a top priority. Many supplements claim to promote longevity or reverse aging, but that isn’t always the case. Many health experts are divided on what really works to promote longevity. Some experts believe that some supplements are more context-dependent, or depend on a person’s specific needs. Although the consensus for the perfect longevity supplement is not yet determined, health experts believe the following supplements may offer some help. 

Omega-3s

The research on omega-3s for longevity is limited, but some clinical trials suggest that they may slow biological aging (the age of cells) by up to four months. That is especially true when you take omega-3 supplements in conjunction with vitamin D and regular exercise. Omega-3s offer anti-inflammatory properties and support cardiovascular health. Most people do not get enough omega-3s in their diet, so supplementing may help meet daily requirements. Health experts note that although fish oil benefits healthy aging, it does not slow aging or offer longevity benefits. 

Vitamin D

Research confirms that low vitamin D levels can increase the risk of age-related illnesses, such as dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, cancer, and Parkinson’s disease. Daily supplementation with about 2,000 I.U. of vitamin D may help slow the way cells age. Considering nearly 40% of Americans are vitamin D deficient, a daily supplement may help longevity and overall health. At this time, the data and research is still emerging on whether or not vitamin D is beneficial for its longevity benefits. 

Magnesium

Low magnesium levels are more common in old age and may increase inflammation and free radical damage as a result. Both inflammation and an overabundance of free radicals are associated with age-related illness and the general aging process. Taking a magnesium supplement may help you maintain optimal magnesium levels, which can contribute to healthy aging. Some animal studies indicate that magnesium can improve longevity, but that research does not exist in humans yet. A magnesium supplement may benefit longevity because it is relatively low risk with positive data supporting its usage. 

Protein Supplements

Muscle loss is a natural part of the aging process, and that can affect physical function. It may also increase the risk of hospitalization (as a result of falling) and lead to loss of independence. Studies suggest that combining a protein supplement with an active lifestyle can help older adults build and retain muscle mass. Adding protein to your meal, especially plant protein, has been linked to a greater chance of healthy aging. People consume far less protein than they need to maintain or gain muscle mass. Although sarcopenia (age-related loss of muscle mass) is slow, silent, and it begins earlier than you think. 

Some longevity supplements are overhyped, especially resveratrol, ashwagandha, berberine, and NAD. Those supplements may help other aspects of your health, but there is little to no evidence that they improve mechanisms involved with aging and longevity.

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The body needs vitamin D, along with calcium, to build bones and keep them healthy. If the body does not have enough vitamin D, it cannot effectively absorb calcium. Vitamin D is not reserved for the formation of healthy bones; rather, it is involved with immune and muscle function and it helps keep brain cells healthy. 

That brings us to new research, which found that people with higher vitamin D levels in middle age may have a lower risk of developing dementia. For the study, researchers measured vitamin D blood levels in about 800 adults with an average age of 39 at the beginning of the study. Nearly 16 years later when they were in their 50s, participants had PET scans of their brains to measure the accumulation of tau and beta-amyloid proteins, both of which are tied to increased dementia risk. 

Researchers found that adults with higher vitamin D levels at the beginning of the study had lower levels of tau protein on brain scans taken at middle age. Vitamin D may play an integral role in preventing or slowing down changes in diseases like Alzheimer’s or dementia. It may also have anti-inflammatory effects in the brain, enhancing antioxidant activity and reducing the  amount of abnormal tau protein. 

Higher Vitamin D Levels Associated With Less Tau Buildup

The participants in the study had an average vitamin D blood level of 38 nanogram per milliliter (ng/ml). Measurements below 30 ng/ml were considered low, and nearly one-third of participants fell into this group. Those with high vitamin D levels had less tau buildup in their 50s, including areas of the brain where that protein tends to accumulate first in people who develop dementia. 

Researchers noted that the connection between high vitamin D levels and reduced tau buildup remained steadfast throughout the study. That was even when researchers accounted for several factors that could impact that association, including sex, age, and the exact amount of time from the start of the study to the end. However, the study did not find a link between midlife vitamin D levels and later amyloid buildup. Researchers stated that that is possible because tau buildup begins earlier in the progression of dementia, whereas amyloid tends to build up later in life. 

The Study Had Some Limitations

It’s important to note that the study was not a controlled experiment designed to prove whether or how specific vitamin D levels could directly prevent or slow the progression of dementia. For example, one of the study’s limitations was that the participants were predominantly white. That means the results the researchers found may not apply to people from other racial or ethnic groups. 

Another drawback is that researchers observed vitamin D levels at a single point in time. That makes it near impossible to determine how any changes in vitamin D levels over the years could impact future dementia risk. Even still, the study suggests that vitamin D levels may be a potential risk factor for dementia that people can control. 

What the study results suggest is that low levels of vitamin D in midlife may be a modifiable target to reduce dementia later in life. The results do not prove that vitamin D causes or prevents dementia, though. More studies will be necessary before vitamin D checks are recommended in the community.

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